508 BC Don't even think about it yet. This is Athens, Greece, for males only.
1718 to 1771 AD Can vote in Sweden if you're also a guild member who must pay taxes.
1755 AD to 1769 AD Can vote in Corsica unless you are married to a male or are younger than 25.
1756 AD Can vote in the colony of Massachusetts, America, if your dead husband is the largest taxpayer in a town that is being looked to for financial support of a war effort against the Indians and the French. Can vote, then, as "the widow [of Mr.] Josiah Taft."
1776 to 1807 AD Can vote in New Jersey, USA, if you own at least at least £50 worth of property; can't vote after 1807 AD, when the State Constitution bans female voting to safeguard against election fraud.
1838 AD Can vote in Pitcairn Island.
1869 AD Can vote in Wyoming, USA.
1870 to 1887; 1896 AD Can vote in Utah, USA (except from 1888 to 1895 when the USA Congress passed the Edmunds–Tucker Act to disenfranchise the females of Utah).
1881 AD Can vote on the Isle of Man, if you are a woman who owns property there.
1893 AD Can vote in Colorado, USA; the Cook Islands; and in New Zealand.
1894 AD Can vote in South Australia and can run for Parliament.
1896 AD Can vote in Idaho (and Utah again), USA.
1899 AD Can vote in Western Australia.
1902 AD Can vote in Australia, if your skin is (non-aboriginal) white: can vote in New South Wales, Australia.
1903 AD Can vote in Tasmania, Australia.
1905 AD Can vote in Queensland, Australia.
1906 AD Can vote in Finland.
1907 AD Can vote in Norway, if you have enough money.
1905 AD Can vote in Victoria, Australia.
1910 AD Can vote in Washington (state), USA.
1911 AD Can vote in California, USA.
1912 AD Can vote in Arizona, Kansas, and Oregon, USA.
1913 AD Can vote in Alaska and Illinois (can just vote for USA President in Illinois), USA; Norway.
1914 AD Can vote in Montana and Nevada, USA.
1915 AD Can vote in Denmark and Iceland (can only vote if you're at least 40 years old in Iceland).
1916 AD Can vote in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada.
1917 AD Can vote in Arkansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota (for USA president only), Ohio (for this year only), and Rhode Island, USA;
British Columbia and Ontario, Canada (Can only vote in Canada if your skin is white and you're in the military or you're a relative of someone else in the military);
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Soviet Union.
1918 AD Can vote in Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom. Can vote in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. Can vote in Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas.
1918 AD Can vote in the Netherlands, in Rhodesia (if your husband owns enough money and you only have one husband), and in Sweden.
1920 AD Can vote in Belgium if your son or your husband has died in the war. Can vote in Iceland and in the USA.
1922 AD Can vote in Ireland.
1924 AD Can vote in Mongolia.
1928 AD Can vote in the UK.
1928 AD Can vote in Ecuador.
1928 AD Can vote in the UK.
1929 AD Can vote in Ecuador if you have enough money.
1930 AD Can vote in South Africa if your skin is white. Can vote in Turkey.
1928 AD to 1936 AD Can vote in Spain.
1928 AD Can vote in Ceylon/Sri Lanka.
1932 AD Can vote in Brazil, Thailand, and Uruguay.
1933 AD Can vote in Portugal if you complete high school.
1934 AD Can vote in Cuba.
1932 AD Can vote in India if you have enough money and enough education.
1937 AD Can vote in the Philippines.
1939 AD Can vote in El Salvador.
1941 AD Can vote in Indonesia.
1942 AD Can vote in the Dominican Republic.
1937 AD Can vote in France and Jamaica.
1945 AD Can vote in Bulgaria, Guatemala, Italy, Japan, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago.
1946 AD Can vote in Albania, Ecuador (regardless of your income), Liberia (if you own enough property), Malta, Portugal (if you are a single parent or are married and taxable at a certain rate), Romania, and Yugoslavia.
1947 AD Can vote in Argentina, Pakistan, and Venezuela.
1948 AD Can vote in the Belgium (with no income restrictions), Burma, Israel, and South Korea.
1949 AD Can vote in Chile, China, Costa Rica, India (with no income restrictions), and Syria (if you have enough money).
1950 AD Can vote in Haiti.
1951 AD Can vote in Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St Christopher (Kitts) and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Sierra Leone.
1952 AD Can vote in Bolivia, in Côte d'Ivoire, and in Greece (where democracy was born in 508 BC for males only of course).
and ...
1957 AD Can vote in Malaysia and Zimbabwe.
1958 AD Can vote in Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Laos, and Nigeria (with no income restrictions).
1959 AD Can vote in Brunei (in village elections only), Madagascar, San Marino, Tanzania, and Tunisia.
1960 AD Can vote in the Bahamas, Cyprus, the Gambia, and Tonga.
1961 AD Can vote in Burundi, Malawi, Mauritania, Paraguay, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone.
1962 AD Can vote in Algeria, Monaco, Uganda, and Zambia.
1963 AD Can vote in Afghanistan, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Iran, Kenya, and Morocco.
1964 AD Can vote in Libya, Papua New Guinea, and Sudan.
1965 AD Can vote in Botswana and Lesotho.
1967 AD Can vote in Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Yemen.
1968 AD Can vote in Nauru and Swaziland.
1970 AD Can vote in Andorra.
1971 AD Can vote in Switzerland.
1972 AD Can vote in Bangladesh.
1973 AD Can vote in Bahrain.
1974 AD Can vote in Jordan and Solomon Islands.
1975 AD Can vote in Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Vanuatu.
1977 AD Can vote in Guinea-Bissau.
1978 AD Can vote in Moldova.
1979 AD Can vote in the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.
1980 AD Can vote in Iraq 1980.
1984 AD Can vote in Liechtenstein. Can vote in South Africa if you're "Coloured" and "Indian."
1986 AD Can vote in Central African Republic.
1990 AD Can vote in American Samoa.
1994 AD Can vote in South Africa if you're "Black."
1997 AD Can vote in Qatar.
2002 AD Can vote in Timor-Leste.
2003 AD Can vote in Oman.
2005 AD Can vote in Kuwait.
2006 AD Can vote in the United Arab Emirates.
2009 AD Can vote in the Falkland Islands.
(compiled from
http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/suffrage.htm
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0931343.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_suffrage
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage/a/intl_timeline.htm
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/womenstimeline1.html
http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l239-Women-Suffrage.html
http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/womens-suffrage/world-suffrage-timeline)
Thursday, March 4, 2010
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
If Your Body's Sexed Female, Where You Can't Study or Teach
1450 BC Can't study or teach in Mesopotamia since females are controlled first by fathers, then by husbands and fathers-in-law, and finally by sons.
380 BC Can't study or teach in Greek city states where only males have independent status in society; okay, can own slaves, but since you don't know math, you can't make transactions worth more than one medimnos of barley.
215 BC Can't study or teach in Rome (the empire) where the Oppian law forbids female bodies from wearing multicolored clothes or holding more than half an ounce of gold or riding in a horse-drawn vehicle in or within a mile of any town or city (again the math and counting thing).
53 AD Can't teach men in church, the new synagogue, or the old (in Athens, Rome, Jerusalem, Corinth)
105 AD Can't study or teach with men, and, therefore, conclusively can't hold any legal representation, guardianship, intercession, proxy, advocacy, or prosecution in the Roman empire (period).
415 AD Can't study or teach in Alexandria, the most cosmopolitan intellectual city of the known Western world, especially if you're a pagan, a philosopher, a mathematician who must certainly be the cause of the dissension between two Christian men of the Church, which must, of course, recognize the meaning of your name Hypatia and strip you naked publicly while burning you at the stake alive so as to make an example for others with bodies sexed female.
600 to 1,000 AD Can't study or teach in England publicly lest you be punished as “scolds.”
1220 AD Can't study, much less teach or practice medicine, at the University of Paris.
1390 AD Can't study or teach in university in London; therefore, of course, can't get a license to practice medicine.
1486 AD Can't even pretend to know how to read Johann Sprenger's and Heinrich Kraemer's “Malleus maleficarum” (“Hammer of Witches”), lest you pretend to have an argument against the thesis that females, as the weaker sex, are more likely to be witches.
1680 AD Can't study or teach or apprentice or earn money in the Paris Opéra (and, oh, uh oh, what is La Fontaine doing so publicly the next year as if she's a real ballet dancer?!)
1770 AD Can't learn to read or to write English poetry, not if you're female, not if you're black, not if you're a slave, not if you're young, not if you're in a new colony, not if you're named Phillis Wheatley.
1782 AD Can't study military strategy or tactics or don a uniform (at least not on a female body) in the American Revolution -- (Hey now, where's Deborah Sampson?, and who's this new recruit Robert Shurtleff in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment now fighting so well?)
1791 AD Can't study or teach the rights of Man and of the Citizen; and therefore can't re-write any Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne (“Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the [Female] Citizen”), as if female bodies can be citizens with rights. Your right, you crazy Olympia de Gouges, is the guillotine
1804 AD Can't study in Paris, not even the Napoleonic Code of France, since men can tell you at home what it says: that women—like criminals, children, and the insane—are to be legal minors. Your husband controls your property for you, so thank him; and obey him because, should he find just cause to divorce you, he gets your children.
1820 AD Can't study or teach in the university in Colombia.
1820 AD Can't study or teach in a seminary in the USA (and no one's letting Emma Willard dream publicly of opening Troy Female Seminary in New York to begin teaching a rigorous curriculum to girls).
1832 AD Can't attend college with men east of the Mississippi River (and no one's dreaming publicly of Oberlin Collegiate Institute -- Oberlin College -- in Ohio where female bodies will be admitted with other students on an equal basis).
1840 AD Can't study or teach or be active in international abolitionism in London, where female bodies are denied entrance to the site of the World's Anti-Slavery Convention.
1864 AD Can't study in university in Europe (and no one at the University of Zürich is yet dreaming, not publicly anyways, of admitting a body sexed female).
1869 AD Still can't study in Britain in university. But if you have a learned husband, you may now own property.
1871 AD Can't study in Japan at any level (but who knows whether next year primary education will be for girls as well as boys).
1872 AD Can't attend college with men west of the Mississippi River (and no one's dreaming publicly of AddRan Male and Female College -- Texas Christian University -- where female bodies will be admitted with other students on an equal basis).
1876 AD Can't attend university in Chile (until next year).
1900 AD Can't study medicine, even with other females, in Japan (until next century when Doctor Yoshioka Yayoi founds Japan's first medical school for women).
1919 AD Can't study as full-degree female students at the University of Oxford (not until next year).
1921 AD Can't study or teach as members of the German Nazi Party.
1942 AD Can't teach in college in Austria, if your name is Elise Richter, even if the rumors are you're a noted linguist; it's off to Theresienstadt -- the Nazi concentration camp -- where you must die.
1949 AD Can't study at Harvard Law School (not until next year).
1949 AD Can't use your father's family's name (i.e., your "maiden" name) until next year when the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes how many females are studying and using different names.
1962 AD Can't get tenure at Yale Law School (not until next year, Ellen Ash Peters).
1973 AD Can't study in any U.S. service academy (until next year when the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy does its strange thing).
1974 AD Can't be on an American jury since you can't study properly (until next year when the U.S. Supreme Court rules that females cannot be excluded from juries because of their sex).
1996 AD Can't study in Afghanistan since the Taliban government says so; and no working outside the home either.
2007 AD Can't teach men Hebrew in the school of theology of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (even if you're hired to be on the tenure track as Sheri Klouda was); can't study with men the new Seminary degree for females only called Homemaking.
380 BC Can't study or teach in Greek city states where only males have independent status in society; okay, can own slaves, but since you don't know math, you can't make transactions worth more than one medimnos of barley.
215 BC Can't study or teach in Rome (the empire) where the Oppian law forbids female bodies from wearing multicolored clothes or holding more than half an ounce of gold or riding in a horse-drawn vehicle in or within a mile of any town or city (again the math and counting thing).
53 AD Can't teach men in church, the new synagogue, or the old (in Athens, Rome, Jerusalem, Corinth)
105 AD Can't study or teach with men, and, therefore, conclusively can't hold any legal representation, guardianship, intercession, proxy, advocacy, or prosecution in the Roman empire (period).
415 AD Can't study or teach in Alexandria, the most cosmopolitan intellectual city of the known Western world, especially if you're a pagan, a philosopher, a mathematician who must certainly be the cause of the dissension between two Christian men of the Church, which must, of course, recognize the meaning of your name Hypatia and strip you naked publicly while burning you at the stake alive so as to make an example for others with bodies sexed female.
600 to 1,000 AD Can't study or teach in England publicly lest you be punished as “scolds.”
1220 AD Can't study, much less teach or practice medicine, at the University of Paris.
1390 AD Can't study or teach in university in London; therefore, of course, can't get a license to practice medicine.
1486 AD Can't even pretend to know how to read Johann Sprenger's and Heinrich Kraemer's “Malleus maleficarum” (“Hammer of Witches”), lest you pretend to have an argument against the thesis that females, as the weaker sex, are more likely to be witches.
1680 AD Can't study or teach or apprentice or earn money in the Paris Opéra (and, oh, uh oh, what is La Fontaine doing so publicly the next year as if she's a real ballet dancer?!)
1770 AD Can't learn to read or to write English poetry, not if you're female, not if you're black, not if you're a slave, not if you're young, not if you're in a new colony, not if you're named Phillis Wheatley.
1782 AD Can't study military strategy or tactics or don a uniform (at least not on a female body) in the American Revolution -- (Hey now, where's Deborah Sampson?, and who's this new recruit Robert Shurtleff in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment now fighting so well?)
1791 AD Can't study or teach the rights of Man and of the Citizen; and therefore can't re-write any Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne (“Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the [Female] Citizen”), as if female bodies can be citizens with rights. Your right, you crazy Olympia de Gouges, is the guillotine
1804 AD Can't study in Paris, not even the Napoleonic Code of France, since men can tell you at home what it says: that women—like criminals, children, and the insane—are to be legal minors. Your husband controls your property for you, so thank him; and obey him because, should he find just cause to divorce you, he gets your children.
1820 AD Can't study or teach in the university in Colombia.
1820 AD Can't study or teach in a seminary in the USA (and no one's letting Emma Willard dream publicly of opening Troy Female Seminary in New York to begin teaching a rigorous curriculum to girls).
1832 AD Can't attend college with men east of the Mississippi River (and no one's dreaming publicly of Oberlin Collegiate Institute -- Oberlin College -- in Ohio where female bodies will be admitted with other students on an equal basis).
1840 AD Can't study or teach or be active in international abolitionism in London, where female bodies are denied entrance to the site of the World's Anti-Slavery Convention.
1864 AD Can't study in university in Europe (and no one at the University of Zürich is yet dreaming, not publicly anyways, of admitting a body sexed female).
1869 AD Still can't study in Britain in university. But if you have a learned husband, you may now own property.
1871 AD Can't study in Japan at any level (but who knows whether next year primary education will be for girls as well as boys).
1872 AD Can't attend college with men west of the Mississippi River (and no one's dreaming publicly of AddRan Male and Female College -- Texas Christian University -- where female bodies will be admitted with other students on an equal basis).
1876 AD Can't attend university in Chile (until next year).
1900 AD Can't study medicine, even with other females, in Japan (until next century when Doctor Yoshioka Yayoi founds Japan's first medical school for women).
1919 AD Can't study as full-degree female students at the University of Oxford (not until next year).
1921 AD Can't study or teach as members of the German Nazi Party.
1942 AD Can't teach in college in Austria, if your name is Elise Richter, even if the rumors are you're a noted linguist; it's off to Theresienstadt -- the Nazi concentration camp -- where you must die.
1949 AD Can't study at Harvard Law School (not until next year).
1949 AD Can't use your father's family's name (i.e., your "maiden" name) until next year when the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes how many females are studying and using different names.
1962 AD Can't get tenure at Yale Law School (not until next year, Ellen Ash Peters).
1973 AD Can't study in any U.S. service academy (until next year when the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy does its strange thing).
1974 AD Can't be on an American jury since you can't study properly (until next year when the U.S. Supreme Court rules that females cannot be excluded from juries because of their sex).
1996 AD Can't study in Afghanistan since the Taliban government says so; and no working outside the home either.
2007 AD Can't teach men Hebrew in the school of theology of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (even if you're hired to be on the tenure track as Sheri Klouda was); can't study with men the new Seminary degree for females only called Homemaking.
Monday, March 1, 2010
If Your Body's Sexed Female, What You Can't Do in the Olympics
776 BC Can't participate or watch males participate in those first Olympics in Greece unless you're a prostitute or a virgin (and then you can't participate publicly because the males you have to watch are naked).
1896 AD Can't compete in the first modern Olympics in Greece, for, as Baron Pierre de Coubertin felt, a female's inclusion in the games would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect."
1900 AD Can't compete in anything but lawn tennis, ballooning, croquet, and golf in the Paris Olympics, where 11 female's did just that.
1912 AD Can't compete in swimming events, if you're also from America, which barred its female athletes from competing unless wearing long skirts (in the Stockholm Olympics).
1928 AD Can't fall at the end of the 800-meter race or else you'll be banned from that event until 1960 even if track and field (now back in Stockholm Olympics) has been generally opened to you.
1932 AD Can't tie for gold in the high jump if you're also Babe Didrikson, at home in America in the Los Angeles Olympics, where your jumping style is ruled illegal.
1968 AD Can't participate in all the events men can (only 12 compared to 21) in Grenoble's Winter Olympics.
1980 AD Can't be a member of the International Olympic Committee (until next year maybe).
1996 AD Can't play baseball even if you do get softball and soccer for the first time in the Olympics where by adding these sports Americans are liable to win more gold medals in Atlanta, Georgia USA.
1998 AD Can't excel in snowboarding, curling, or women's ice hockey until you go to Nagano near the end of the twentieth century.
2000 AD Can't participate in boxing and still can't play baseball in Sydney.
2010 AD Can't ski jump in Vancouver even if you're Lindsey Van and you've set the world record over all women and all men too.
2012 AD Can't play softball anymore (since males can't play baseball anymore -- see how equal that is?)
1896 AD Can't compete in the first modern Olympics in Greece, for, as Baron Pierre de Coubertin felt, a female's inclusion in the games would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect."
1900 AD Can't compete in anything but lawn tennis, ballooning, croquet, and golf in the Paris Olympics, where 11 female's did just that.
1912 AD Can't compete in swimming events, if you're also from America, which barred its female athletes from competing unless wearing long skirts (in the Stockholm Olympics).
1928 AD Can't fall at the end of the 800-meter race or else you'll be banned from that event until 1960 even if track and field (now back in Stockholm Olympics) has been generally opened to you.
1932 AD Can't tie for gold in the high jump if you're also Babe Didrikson, at home in America in the Los Angeles Olympics, where your jumping style is ruled illegal.
1968 AD Can't participate in all the events men can (only 12 compared to 21) in Grenoble's Winter Olympics.
1980 AD Can't be a member of the International Olympic Committee (until next year maybe).
1996 AD Can't play baseball even if you do get softball and soccer for the first time in the Olympics where by adding these sports Americans are liable to win more gold medals in Atlanta, Georgia USA.
1998 AD Can't excel in snowboarding, curling, or women's ice hockey until you go to Nagano near the end of the twentieth century.
2000 AD Can't participate in boxing and still can't play baseball in Sydney.
2010 AD Can't ski jump in Vancouver even if you're Lindsey Van and you've set the world record over all women and all men too.
2012 AD Can't play softball anymore (since males can't play baseball anymore -- see how equal that is?)
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